¿Qué es la trombosis?
¿Qué es la trombosis?
Thrombosis is when a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel and can block or reduce blood flow.
The vessel may be any vein or artery, such as in a deep vein thrombosis (venous) or a coronary artery (arterial). Cualquier coágulo que se forma en un vaso sanguíneo se llama "trombo".
Una vez formado, un trombo venoso puede ralentizar o bloquear el torrente sanguíneo normal, e incluso desprenderse y trasladarse por el cuerpo a través de los vasos. Un coágulo que viaja a través de la circulación se denomina "embolia". Thrombosis is the often preventable underlying pathology of heart attack, thromboembolic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), the top three cardiovascular killers.
La trombosis normalmente se clasifica según el lugar del cuerpo donde ocurre.
The two types of thrombosis are venous and arterial, depending on whether the clot develops in the vein or an artery. Ambos tipos están influenciados por factores de riesgo adquiridos o heredados, aunque los factores de riesgo son diferentes para cada uno.
Trombosis asociada a los hospitales (TAH)
Being in the hospital is a major risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), a blood clot that forms in a vein. When VTE develops during or after a hospital stay, whether for surgery, a medical admission or pregnancy, it is known as hospital-associated thrombosis (HAT) or hospital-associated VTE.
VTE risk falls into three main categories, often called Virchow’s triad: reduced blood flow, damage to the vein wall and blood that clots too easily.¹ Reduced blood flow can occur when a patient is immobile during bed rest. Vein wall damage can result from trauma to a blood vessel, such as during surgery or a serious injury. And blood can become more prone to clotting when someone is ill with conditions such as pneumonia or an inflammatory illness like ulcerative colitis or rheumatoid arthritis.² Some people also inherit a blood clotting disorder called thrombophilia, which makes their blood stickier and raises their VTE risk from birth.
Types of blood clots:
Venous and arterial thrombosis
Venous and arterial thrombosis
Las dos clasificaciones amplias de la trombosis son venosa (TEV) y arterial (TA), dependiendo de si el coágulo se desarrolla en una vena o en una arteria. La trombosis venosa y arterial son variaciones de mecanismos patológicos similares. La trombosis tanto venosa como arterial están influenciadas por factores de riesgo adquiridos o heredados.
Women and thrombosis
Women face unique and often overlooked risks for developing blood clots, or venous thromboembolism (VTE), at every stage of life. From adolescence through pregnancy, postpartum, midlife and menopause, hormonal changes, certain medications and reproductive health factors can raise a woman’s risk of thrombosis. Hormonal birth control, hormone replacement therapy and pregnancy all increase clotting risk, while conditions unique to women, such as preeclampsia, can further compound that risk. Understanding these risk factors is an important step toward earlier detection, prevention and treatment of blood clots in women.
Afecciones relacionadas con la trombosis
Atrial fibrillation (Afib)
La fibrilación auricular (FA) es un tipo de latidos irregulares, lo que significa que las aurículas izquierda y derecha no se contraen correctamente y, si las viera, ¡parecerían una bolsa de gusanos! La ausencia de una contracción adecuada significa que hay un flujo deficiente a través de la aurícula y se pueden formar coágulos de sangre dentro de la aurícula. Estos coágulos de sangre pueden desprenderse, viajar por el cuerpo y bloquear una arteria en otro lugar. Si una embolia bloquea una arteria en el cerebro, se produce un ictus. La fibrilación auricular no tratada es una causa evitable común de ictus.
Heart attack
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow through one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot, cutting off oxygen supply to part of the heart muscle. This blockage typically results from a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque in the artery, triggering clot formation and restricting blood flow.
Blood clots and your mental health
La TVP y la EP son afecciones graves y potencialmente mortales que requieren atención médica inmediata. El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos a menudo pueden favorecer a la recuperación, y es importante conocer los signos, síntomas y factores de riesgo que contribuyen al desarrollo de coágulos de sangre.
